Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Social Change, Philosophy, and Qur'anic Interpretation in Islamic Communities in Indonesia

Articles

Islamic Education And Family Extremism In Indonesia: Critical Pedagogy In Conservative Family Muslim Education

https://doi.org/10.20414/sophist.v7i1.123

Published 2025-12-16

  • Badrun

Badrun
Universitas Islam Negeri mataram

Abstract

This article aimed to examine how Islamic education was taught in Muslim families and to what extent education in those families supported extremism, one suspected of involvement in some religious extremist cases in Indonesia. Considering the participation of all family members, such as husbands, wives, and children, simultaneously in some suicide bombing cases, it is essential to examine parental education levels, roles, and functions in such families. This study highlights the shift in the traditional role of wives, who were previously underappreciated but now play a significant role in shaping the family's religious beliefs. The primary focus of the study is to examine how families can become a means of spreading extremist ideologies. The study gathered data through a literature review and in-depth interviews with families suspected of involvement in extremist activities in Indonesia. The findings showed that families could serve as a conduit for the propagation and dissemination of extremism, with women, particularly wives, and children, occasionally being susceptible to indoctrination under the guise of education. In contrast, at other times, wives act as agents responsible for transmitting extremist ideologies.

Keywords

Islamic education, extremism, radicalism, Family

PDF

References

  1. Adi, F. (2012). Kefungsian Keluarga: Konsep dan Indikator Pengukuran dalam Penyelidikan (Family Functioning: Concept and Indicators Measurement in Research). Informasi, 17(02), 75–81.
  2. Afrianty, D. (2012). Islamic education and youth extremism in Indonesia. Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, 7(2), 134–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2012.719095
  3. Almond, B. (2010). Education for tolerance: Cultural difference and family values. Journal of Moral Education, 39(2), 131–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057241003754849
  4. Arifin, S. (2016). Islamic religious education and radicalism in Indonesia: Strategy of deradicalization through strengthening the living values education. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 6(1), 93–126. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v6i1.93-126
  5. Assyaukanie, L. (2019). Religion as a political tool secular and islamist roles in Indonesian elections. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 13(2), 454–479. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2019.13.2.454-479
  6. Azca, M. N., & Putri, R. D. (2021). Perempuan dan Peran Regenerasi dalam Lingkaran Ekstremisme Kekerasan: Narasi dari Indonesia Timur. Jurnal Sosiologi Agama, 15(2), 281. https://doi.org/10.14421/jsa.2021.152-08
  7. Bayat, A. (2022). Islamic Movements. The Wiley‐Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social and Political Movements, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470674871.wbespm318.pub2
  8. Campbell, H. T. (2022). Hip Hop as Critical Pedagogy: Re-Imagining Education. 13(3), 106–113.
  9. Damayantie, A., Sosiologi, J., & Lampung, U. (2022). PENDEKATAN SISTEMIK UNTUK ANALISIS DAN TRANSFORMASI KONFLIK : STUDI KASUS KONFLIK SOSIAL DI DESA BALINURAGA PENDAHULUAN Berdasarkan realitas sering terjadi konflik kekerasan di banyak daerah di Indonesia , maka DPR telah mengesahkan Undang-Undang Nomor 7. 24(1), 108–125.
  10. Darling, C. A., & Turkki, K. (2009). Global family concerns and the role of family life education: An ecosystemic analysis. Family Relations, 58(1), 14–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2008.00531.x
  11. Fahmi, R. H. A. (2015). Building Harmony and Peace through Religious Education: SOCIAL PREJUDICE AND REBELIANCE BEHAVIOR OF STUDENTS IN MODERN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL GONTOR DARUSSALAM, EAST JAVA. Ar-Raniry: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 2(2), 21–42.
  12. Halstead, J. M. (2004). An Islamic concept of education. Comparative Education, 40(4), 517–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305006042000284510
  13. Halstead, J. M. (2007). Islamic values: A distinctive framework for moral education? Journal of Moral Education, 36(3), 283–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240701643056
  14. Hefner, R. W. (2015). Muslim education in the 21 st century: Asian perspectives . Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 35(3), 404–406. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1083295
  15. Hoffman, B. (1995). "Holy terror": The implications of terrorism motivated by a religious imperative. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 18(4), 271–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576109508435985
  16. Kholifah, R. (2020). Membaca Peran Perempuan dalam Ekstremisme Kekerasan.
  17. Malik, A. (2017). Stigmatization of Islamic School: Pesantrens, Radicalism and Terrorism in Bima. Ulumuna, 21(1), 173.
  18. Malik, A., Sudrjat, A., & Hanum, F. (2016). Culture of Pesantren Education and Radicalism 1). Jurnal Pembangunan Pendidikan: Fondasi Dan Aplikasi, 4(2), 103–114. http://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jppfa
  19. Marsinta Arsani, A. (2020). Are Early Childhood Education and Family Background Really Important for Your Children's Future? Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning, 4(1), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.36574/jpp.v4i1.99
  20. Mietzner, M., & Muhtadi, B. (2018). Explaining the 2016 Islamist Mobilisation in Indonesia: Religious Intolerance, Militant Groups and the Politics of Accommodation. Asian Studies Review, 42(3), 479–497. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2018.1473335
  21. Mogale, M. L., & Malatji, K. S. (2022). Progressed Learners' Participation in Developing Curriculum Support Programmes: A Critical Pedagogy Approach. E-Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, October, 475–487. https://doi.org/10.38159/ehass.20223105
  22. Muslimin, J. M. (2019). The sociological explanation of Indonesian muslim family continuity and change. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 13(2), 395–420. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2019.13.2.395-420
  23. Navarro, J. L., & Tudge, J. R. H. (2022). Technologizing Bronfenbrenner: Neo-ecological Theory. Current Psychology, January. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-02738-3
  24. Nuraniyah, N. (2018). Not Just Brainwashed: Understanding the Radicalization of Indonesian Female Supporters of the Islamic State. Terrorism and Political Violence, 30(6), 890–910. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2018.1481269
  25. Park, J., & Niyozov, S. (2008). Madrasa education in South Asia and Southeast Asia: Current issues and debates. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 28(4), 323–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188790802475372
  26. Pohl, F. (2006). Islamic education and civil society: Reflections on the pesantren tradition in contemporary Indonesia. Comparative Education Review, 50(3), 389–409. https://doi.org/10.1086/503882
  27. Pujihasvuty, R., Subeqi, A. T., & Murniati, C. (2021). Single Parents in Indonesia: How to Carry Out the Practice of the Eight Family Functions? Family Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480720986500
  28. Rajafi, A., Yetta, Y., & Lasido, N. A. (2022). Deradicalism in the Family at Tahuna, Sangihe Islands, North Sulawesi. Samarah, 6(1), 369–390. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6I1.12445
  29. Rapoport, D. C. (1983). Fear and Trembling: Terrorism in Three Religious Traditions. American Political Science Review, 78(3), 658–677. https://doi.org/10.2307/1961835
  30. Rosdiawan, R. (2018). Memetakan Anatomi Diskursus Islamisme Dan Terorisme Islam. Islamica; Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 13, 1–3.
  31. Sabic-El-Rayess, A. (2020). Epistemological shifts in knowledge and education in Islam: A new perspective on the emergence of radicalization amongst Muslims. International Journal of Educational Development, 73(December 2019), 102148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2019.102148
  32. Saeed, A. (2007). Indonesia and the Malay World Towards religious tolerance through reform in Islamic education : The case of the state institute of Islamic studies of Indonesia TOWARDS RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE THROUGH REFORM IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION : THE CASE OF THE STATE INSTITU. Indonesia and the Malay World, June 2012, 37–41.
  33. Sakai, M., & Fauzia, A. (2014). Islamic orientations in contemporary Indonesia: Islamism on the rise? Asian Ethnicity, 15(1), 41–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2013.784513
  34. Schweitzer, F. (2007). Religious individualization: New challenges to education for tolerance. British Journal of Religious Education, 29(1), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200601037551
  35. Shaleh, S., Zamroni, Z., Mukminan, M., Ashadi, A., & Sudrajat, A. (2020). Mapping the Threat of Radicalism Symptoms among Upper-Secondary Students : A Mix Methode Approach. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(4), 3055–3068. http://sersc.org/journals/index.php/IJAST/article/view/24135
  36. Shaleh, S., Zamroni, Z., Mukminan, M., Zakaria, A. R. B., & Ramadhan, S. (2020). Formulating strategies against student radicalism: A case of madrasah in indonesia. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(10), 1503–1520. https://doi.org/10.37200/IJPR/V24I10/PR300174
  37. Wijaya Mulya, T., & Aditomo, A. (2019). Researching religious tolerance education using discourse analysis: a case study from Indonesia. British Journal of Religious Education, 41(4), 446–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2018.1556602
  38. Woodward, M., Rohmaniyah, I., Amin, A., & Coleman, D. (2010). Muslim Education, Celebrating Islam and Having Fun As Counter- Radicalization Strategies in Indonesia. Perspective on Terrorism, 4(4), 28–50.